Hauv kev lag luam kev lag luam, ntau tus neeg siv khoom feem ntau muaj cov lus nug zoo li:
Vim li cas qee cov ntsis laum lossis cov kais dej zoo sib xws heev tab sis muaj qhov sib txawv loj heev ntawm tus nqi? Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv ob xyoos no, ntau tus neeg siv khoom tau pom tseeb meej meej qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov cuab yeej txiav.
Qhov tseeb, tus nqi ntawm cov ntsis laum thiab cov kais dej tsis yog txiav txim siab los ntawm ib qho laj thawj twg, Nws yog qhov tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv raw, cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, cov kev cai ua tau zoo, thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua lag luam. Peb yuav tham luv luv txog qee yam tseem ceeb los piav qhia txog cov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm kev teeb tsa tus nqi. Cia peb saib cov nqi tiag tiag los ntawm cov khoom siv raw mus rau kev tsim khoom.
1. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv raw, lub hauv paus ntawm kev txiav txim siab
Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntsis laum thiab cov kais dej yog cov hlau ceev ceev (HSS).
Qhov laj thawj uas ua rau HSS muaj kev ua tau zoo heev yog nws cov khoom sib xyaw sab hauv, xws li: Tungsten (W), Molybdenum (Mo), Cobalt (Co) thiab lwm yam. Peb tau hnov cov qib HSS sib txawv, HSS 4341, M2, M35, M42, qhov sib txawv yog qhov sib piv ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw no. Cov qib siab dua ntawm cov hlau sib xyaw ua rau cov khoom siv tiv taus cua sov, tiv taus hnav, thiab siv tau ntev, tab sis kuj ua rau cov nqi khoom siv ntau dua. Nws tuaj yeem hais tias cov nqi khoom siv raw txiav txim siab "hauv pem teb" ntawm cov khoom tus nqi.
Cov qib hlau ceev ceev feem ntau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ua tau zoo thiab tus nqi:
• Tus qauv HSS / HSS 4341: Haum rau kev siv cov khoom siv dav dav, tus nqi qis dua
• M2: Kev ua tau zoo ruaj khov, siv tau dav
• M35 (muaj cobalt): Ua kom tsis kub zoo, tsim rau cov hlau tsis xeb thiab cov ntaub ntawv zoo sib xws
• M42 (high-cobalt): Kev tiv taus kev hnav zoo heev thiab kev tawv liab, zoo tagnrho rau kev siv tshuab ua haujlwm tas mus li uas siv zog ntau
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau nplaum ntau dua tsis yog tsuas yog ua rau cov nqi khoom siv raw nce ntxiv xwb tab sis kuj ua rau kev tsim khoom nyuaj dua, uas pom tau hauv tus nqi khoom kawg.
Hauv cov hlau ceev ceev, tungsten (W) yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv alloying tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv qhov tawv liab thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm cov laum me me thiab cov kais dej.
Ob xyoos dhau los no thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog xyoo no, cov ntaub ntawv kev lag luam pej xeem qhia tau tias tus nqi rau cov khoom siv raw tungsten tseem siab thiab tsis ruaj khov. Cov laj thawj tseem ceeb suav nrog, tab sis tsis txwv rau:
• Muaj cov khoom siv tungsten ntau heev, ua rau muaj kev tsis txaus siab
• Kev ua raws li txoj cai ib puag ncig thiab cov nqi khawb av nce siab
• Kev thov khoom siv los ntawm kev tsim khoom kim heev, lub zog tshiab, thiab kev lag luam tub rog nce ntxiv.
Rau kev tsim cov hlau ceev ceev, qhov kev hloov pauv tus nqi no tsis yog ib qho xwm txheej luv luv tab sis yog kev hloov pauv mus sij hawm ntev thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm cov nqi. Yog li ntawd, cov nqi tsim khoom ntawm cov laum thiab cov kais dej ua los ntawm cov hlau ceev ceev xws li M2, M35, thiab M42 kuj tau nce ntxiv. Nws yog qhov tseeb uas tag nrho kev lag luam ntsib.
Daim duab qhia txog tus nqi tungsten txij lub Ib Hlis mus txog rau lub Kaum Hli 29, 2025. Txij li thaum kawg ntawm lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2026, tus nqi tungsten txuas ntxiv nce. Piv rau qhov pib ntawm xyoo 2026, tus nqi rau cov khoom lag luam tungsten tseem ceeb tau nce siab heev. Cov ntaub ntawv kev lag luam qhia tau tias tus nqi rau cov khoom siv raw tseem ceeb - suav nrog tungsten concentrate, ammonium paratungstate (APT), tungsten hmoov, thiab tungsten hmoov rau cemented carbides - feem ntau tau nce ntau dua 100%. Tus nqi rau qee cov khoom tungsten thiab cobalt hmoov tau mus txog lossis ntau dua 200% kev loj hlob, ua kom tag nrho cov nqi raw khoom siv high-speed steel nyob rau theem siab.
2. Kev kho cua sov zoo, lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom
Kev kho cua sov yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tab sis tsis pom thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom. Nws txiav txim siab ncaj qha rau qhov nyuaj, tawv, thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm cov cuab yeej thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tiag tiag. Kev kho cua sov uas tsim tau zoo ua rau muaj kev sib npaug zoo ntawm qhov tawv thiab tawv. Kev kho cua sov tsis ruaj khov yuav ua rau chipping, tawg, lossis lub neej ua haujlwm tsis sib xws. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem kho cua sov ruaj khov thiab tswj tau feem ntau xav tau kev siv hluav taws xob ntau dua, kev tswj hwm qhov kub thiab txias nruj dua, thiab kev tswj hwm cov txheej txheem nyuaj dua. Txawm li cas los xij, cov peev txheej no tsis yooj yim pom los ntawm cov khoom tsos, lawv txiav txim siab nws cov kev ua tau zoo hauv kev siv tiag tiag.
3. Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom thiab kev tswj xyuas zoo, cuam tshuam rau qhov tseeb thiab kev ua haujlwm sib xws
Tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev kho cua sov xwb, cov txheej txheem tsim khoom thiab cov txheej txheem tswj xyuas zoo ua ke txiav txim siab qhov tseeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm, kev sib xws, thiab kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov mus sij hawm ntev ntawm cov laum thiab cov kais dej thaum siv tiag tiag. Hauv kev tsim khoom tiag tiag, qhov sib txawv ntawm tus nqi ntawm ntau qib kev tsim khoom feem ntau pom tseeb hauv cov hauv qab no:
• Kev tsim cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tag nrho, xws li kev tswj tus nqi ntawm qhov tsis zoo
• Txawm siv ntau kauj ruam sib tsoo precision lossis ib kauj ruam dov-forged
• Kev tswj hwm qhov tseeb ntawm cov qauv geometric xws li cov npoo txiav, cov helical flutes, thiab cov ces kaum rov qab
• Rau cov khoom siv kais dej, qib kev tswj hwm qhov tseeb ntawm cov hlau txhuas thiab kev sib xws ntawm cov hniav txiav
Kev ua haujlwm raug dua txhais tau tias kev siv nyiaj ntau dua rau cov khoom siv, lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev dua, thiab kev tswj hwm cov txheej txheem nruj dua. Cov yam no cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov nqi tsim khoom thiab tseem cuam tshuam rau kev ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom loj.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom lag luam ruaj khov yog nyob ntawm kev tswj xyuas zoo uas muaj txheej txheem thiab txuas ntxiv mus. Rau cov neeg siv khoom lag luam, kev sib xws ntawm cov khoom thiab kev muaj peev xwm muab khoom tau ntev yog qhov tseem ceeb dua li tus nqi ntawm ib qho kev txiav txim. Kev tswj xyuas zoo tag nrho feem ntau suav nrog:
• Kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom siv raw
• Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov tseeb thiab qhov khiav tawm radial
• Kev kuaj qhov nyuaj thiab kev tswj hwm qhov sib xws ntawm ntau pawg
• Kev sim ua kom muaj zog heev
Cov kev nqis peev no tsis yog tsuas pom teeb meem xwb tab sis kuj ua kom txhua pawg khoom muaj kev ua tau zoo sib xws thiab kwv yees tau. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub neej siv tseem ceeb dua li tus nqi ib qho. Hauv kev siv hauv kev lag luam, tus nqi ib qho qis tsis sib npaug rau tus nqi tag nrho qis. Cov khoom uas muaj lub neej luv luv thiab tsis ruaj khov feem ntau ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv cuab yeej ntau zaus, kev cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom tiav. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg siv kev tshaj lij ntau dua tsom mus rau tus nqi ua haujlwm ib qho es tsis yog tus nqi yooj yim ntawm ib lub laum lossis kais.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Kaum Ob Hlis-24-2025